Retrocochlear hearing loss affects structures beyond the cochlea, mainly the auditory nerve and promixal brainstem, but does not include higher central auditory pathways. In simple terms, sound may reach the inner ear normally, but the signal may not travel clearly from the ear to the brain. This is different from cochlear hearing loss, which starts inside the inner ear itself. Even though both are forms of sensorineural hearing loss, retrocochlear hearing loss involves the hearing nerve or neural pathways rather than the cochlea.