{"id":46115,"date":"2021-06-08T18:49:16","date_gmt":"2021-06-08T18:49:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.medel.com\/uncategorized-tr\/koklear-implantlarin-erken-tarihi-ve-med-el\/"},"modified":"2023-03-15T14:34:53","modified_gmt":"2023-03-15T14:34:53","slug":"koklear-implantlarin-erken-tarihi-ve-med-el","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blog.medel.com\/tr\/teknoloji\/koklear-implantlarin-erken-tarihi-ve-med-el\/","title":{"rendered":"Koklear \u0130mplantlar\u0131n Erken Tarihi ve MED-EL"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u0130mplantlar\u0131m\u0131z sayesinde d\u00fcnya \u00e7ap\u0131nda y\u00fcz binlerce insan duyabiliyor. Ama buraya gelmek uzun bir yolculuktu. MED-EL CEO’su Ingeborg Hochmair ve e\u015fi Erwin’in modern \u00e7ok kanall\u0131 koklear implant\u0131n \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc yapmalar\u0131 neredeyse 50 y\u0131l \u00f6ncesine kadar gidiyor. Zamanda biraz geriye gidelim ve her \u015feyin nas\u0131l ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131na daha yak\u0131ndan bakal\u0131m.<\/p>\n

Koklear \u0130mplant Geli\u015fiminin Ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131<\/h3>\n
\"\"

Ingeborg (solda oturan) ve Erwin (ortada oturan), 1975.<\/p><\/div>\n

1975’te Ingeborg ve m\u00fcstakbel e\u015fi Erwin Hochmair, Viyana Teknik \u00dcniversitesi’nde koklear implant geli\u015fimi okuyorlard\u0131. O zamanlarda, bir koklear implant\u0131n sa\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131n tedavisine yard\u0131mc\u0131 olmas\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 konusunda \u00e7ok fazla \u015f\u00fcphe vard\u0131. Ama Hochmair’ler neyi ba\u015farmak istediklerini biliyorlard\u0131.<\/p>\n

Ingeborg, “\u00c7ok iyimser olan hedefimiz, kullan\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n yaln\u0131zca sesleri duymas\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda baz\u0131 konu\u015fmalar\u0131 anlama yetene\u011fini de sa\u011flayacak bir elektronik implant tasarlamakt\u0131.” dedi.<\/p>\n

Bu amaca y\u00f6nelik b\u00fcy\u00fck bir ad\u0131m 1977’de at\u0131ld\u0131: 16 Aral\u0131k 1977’de Hochmair\u2019ler taraf\u0131ndan tasarlanan bir koklear implant, Prof. Kurt Burian taraf\u0131ndan Viyana’daki \u00dcniversite Klini\u011fi\u2019nde cerrahi olarak implante edildi.<\/p>\n

\u00c7\u0131\u011f\u0131r A\u00e7an \u0130\u015fitme Teknolojisi<\/h3>\n

T\u0131pk\u0131 modern koklear implantlar gibi, ilk koklear implant\u0131n da iki ana par\u00e7as\u0131 vard\u0131: Sesi elektrik sinyallerine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcren harici bir i\u015flemci ve beyine bilgi g\u00f6nderen dahili bir implant. \u0130mplant\u0131n kendisinde iki b\u00f6l\u00fcm vard\u0131: Harici i\u015flemciden bilgi alan bir bilgisayar ve kula\u011fa yerle\u015ftirilen bir elektrot dizisi.<\/p>\n

\"\"

Dalga \u015fekilli tellere sahip uzun bir elektrot dizisi.<\/p><\/div>\n

Hochmair’in ilk koklear implant\u0131n\u0131n tasar\u0131m\u0131nda baz\u0131 \u00e7ok \u00f6zel y\u00f6nler vard\u0131:<\/p>\n

Bilgisayar \u00e7ipi, koklean\u0131n bir\u00e7ok farkl\u0131 b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne elektriksel uyar\u0131 sa\u011flayan uzun bir elektrot dizisi ile \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yordu. Bunun yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n sebebi; ilk ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar t\u0131pk\u0131 bir piyanoda oldu\u011fu gibi uyar\u0131n\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011fi yerde sesin alg\u0131lanan perdesini de\u011fi\u015ftirece\u011fini g\u00f6sterdi, birbirinden \u00e7ok uzakta olan tu\u015flara bas\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u00e7ok farkl\u0131 sesler \u00e7\u0131kar.<\/p>\n

Elektrot dizisinde ayr\u0131ca Hochmairler’in \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fck etti\u011fi \u00f6zel bir tasar\u0131m kullan\u0131ld\u0131: Dalga \u015fekilli teller<\/strong>. Bu teller elektrot dizisinin i\u00e7inde idi ve elektrot dizisinin ger\u00e7ekten esnek olmas\u0131na izin veriyordu, b\u00f6ylece bezelye b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcndeki koklean\u0131n i\u00e7ine yumu\u015fak bir \u015fekilde s\u0131\u011fabilirdi. Bu \u00f6zel teller ayn\u0131 zamanda koklea i\u00e7indeki hassas sinirlerin korunmas\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelen Yap\u0131n\u0131n Korunmas\u0131<\/strong>\u2019na da yard\u0131mc\u0131 olur.<\/p>\n

Bu ilk koklear implant; o zaman ki di\u011ferleri gibi, al\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n sesleri duymas\u0131na yard\u0131mc\u0131 oldu, ancak konu\u015fmay\u0131 anlamak hala zordu ve en az\u0131ndan al\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n konu\u015fmac\u0131y\u0131 yak\u0131ndan izlemesini ve dudak okumas\u0131n\u0131 gerektirdi.<\/p>\n

Koklear \u0130mplant ile Konu\u015fmay\u0131 Anlama<\/h3>\n
\"\"

Connie ses laboratuvar\u0131nda.<\/p><\/div>\n

Hochmair koklear implant\u0131n\u0131n en \u00fcnl\u00fc ilk kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131ndan biri, bilimsel dergilerde an\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi Connie’dir.<\/p>\n

Connie, bu ilk y\u0131llarda Ingeborg ile yak\u0131ndan \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131. 1979’da ona bir Hochmair koklear implant\u0131 tak\u0131ld\u0131 ve o kadar hevesli idi ki, Ingeborg’un implant\u0131n kokleaya elektriksel bilgi g\u00f6nderebilmesi i\u00e7in farkl\u0131 yollar\u0131 test ederken saatler ge\u00e7irdiler. Bu testler, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fcn MED-EL koklear implantlar\u0131n\u0131n sesi nas\u0131l i\u015fledi\u011finin temelini olu\u015fturdu.<\/p>\n

Ingeborg, “Kullan\u0131c\u0131larla yak\u0131n temas ve kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 g\u00fcven i\u00e7eresinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in , K\u0130’ler alan\u0131nda klinik t\u0131bbi ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar konusunda tutkulu olmaktan ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lamaz,” dedi.<\/p>\n

Connie k\u0131sa s\u00fcre sonra Hochmair’in ilk hedefini ger\u00e7e\u011fe d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrmenin bir par\u00e7as\u0131 oldu. Mart 1980’de yeni bir i\u015flemci ald\u0131ktan sonra, konu\u015fmay\u0131 yaln\u0131zca dinleyerek anlayan ilk koklear implant kullanan ki\u015fi oldu. Hangi kelimelerin s\u00f6ylendi\u011fi konusunda dudak okumas\u0131na veya g\u00f6rsel ipu\u00e7lar\u0131na ihtiyac\u0131 da yoktu. Sonunda, koklear implantlar \u00fczerine ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131na ba\u015flamalar\u0131ndan sadece be\u015f y\u0131l sonra, Hochmair’ler hedeflerine ula\u015ft\u0131lar ve bug\u00fcn hala devam eden koklear implant geli\u015fiminin y\u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc belirlediler.<\/p>\n

MED-EL’i Kurmak ve \u0130lerlemek<\/h3>\n

Ara\u015ft\u0131rma yapmak, farkl\u0131 i\u015fitme kayb\u0131 t\u00fcrleri i\u00e7in yeni i\u015fitme \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmleri geli\u015ftirmek ve kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131m\u0131za m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olan en iyi i\u015fitmeyi sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in \u00fcr\u00fcnlerimizi geli\u015ftirmek\u2014 Bu; Hochmair’lerin ve Avusturya’n\u0131n Innsbruck kentindeki MEDEL merkezimizde d\u00fcnyan\u0131n d\u00f6rt bir yan\u0131ndan uzmanlardan olu\u015fan bir ekibin g\u00fcnl\u00fck \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n bir par\u00e7as\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bug\u00fcn bulundu\u011fumuz \u015firket olarak MED-EL’in temelleri 1986 y\u0131l\u0131nda at\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r : Ingeborg ve Erwin, yeni kurulan MED-EL \u015firketleri ile Innsbruck’a ta\u015f\u0131nd\u0131lar ve 1990’da ilk \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n\u0131 i\u015fe ald\u0131lar. Sonraki y\u0131llarda, birden fazla yeni i\u015fitme \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc icat ettik ve i\u015fitme teknolojisi geli\u015ftirmede bir\u00e7ok d\u00f6n\u00fcm noktas\u0131na ula\u015ft\u0131k.<\/p>\n

Bug\u00fcn, d\u00fcnya \u00e7ap\u0131nda 30 lokasyonda yakla\u015f\u0131k 75 \u00fclkeden 2.200’den fazla ki\u015fi MED-EL i\u00e7in \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor. Ancak y\u0131llar boyunca ayn\u0131 kalan bir \u015fey var: MED-EL’in bir ileti\u015fim engeli olan i\u015fitme kayb\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcstesinden gelme amac\u0131.<\/p>\n

MED-EL’in tarihi ve i\u015fitme teknolojisindeki d\u00f6n\u00fcm noktalar\u0131 hakk\u0131nda daha fazla bilgi edinmek ister misiniz? O zaman https:\/\/www.medel.com\/about-medel\/our-history<\/a> adresinde daha fazlas\u0131n\u0131 ke\u015ffedin.<\/p>\n

MED-EL i\u015fitme \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmleri hakk\u0131nda daha fazla bilgi edinmek ister misiniz? O zaman \u0130ngilizce podcast<\/a> serimiz tam size g\u00f6re!<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0130mplantlar\u0131m\u0131z sayesinde d\u00fcnya \u00e7ap\u0131nda y\u00fcz binlerce insan duyabiliyor. Ama buraya gelmek uzun bir yolculuktu. MED-EL CEO’su Ingeborg Hochmair ve e\u015fi Erwin’in modern \u00e7ok kanall\u0131 koklear implant\u0131n \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc yapmalar\u0131 neredeyse 50 y\u0131l \u00f6ncesine kadar gidiyor. Zamanda biraz geriye gidelim ve her \u015feyin nas\u0131l ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131na daha yak\u0131ndan bakal\u0131m.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":71816,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3238],"tags":[3591,2233,3252],"class_list":["post-46115","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-teknoloji","tag-koklear-implant-tr","tag-med-el","tag-med-el-tr"],"yoast_head":"\nKoklear \u0130mplantlar\u0131n Erken Tarihi ve MED-EL - The MED-EL Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.medel.com\/tr\/teknoloji\/koklear-implantlarin-erken-tarihi-ve-med-el\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Koklear \u0130mplantlar\u0131n Erken Tarihi ve MED-EL - The MED-EL Blog\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u0130mplantlar\u0131m\u0131z sayesinde d\u00fcnya \u00e7ap\u0131nda y\u00fcz binlerce insan duyabiliyor. Ama buraya gelmek uzun bir yolculuktu. MED-EL CEO'su Ingeborg Hochmair ve e\u015fi Erwin'in modern \u00e7ok kanall\u0131 koklear implant\u0131n \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc yapmalar\u0131 neredeyse 50 y\u0131l \u00f6ncesine kadar gidiyor. 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Ama buraya gelmek uzun bir yolculuktu. MED-EL CEO'su Ingeborg Hochmair ve e\u015fi Erwin'in modern \u00e7ok kanall\u0131 koklear implant\u0131n \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc yapmalar\u0131 neredeyse 50 y\u0131l \u00f6ncesine kadar gidiyor. 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